pulsus paradoxus การใช้

• The symptomatic patient may present with dyspnea, cyanosis, chest pain, pulsus paradoxus, bradycardia or tachycardia.
• Other observable signs include rapid heart rate, jugular venous distension, low blood pressure, and pulsus paradoxus.
• Pulsus paradoxus occurs not only with severe cardiac tamponade, but also with asthma, obstructive sleep apnea and croup.
• Oscillometric monitors may produce inaccurate readings in patients with heart and circulation problems, which include arteriosclerosis, arrhythmia, preeclampsia, pulsus alternans, and pulsus paradoxus.
• The " paradox " in " pulsus paradoxus " is that, on clinical examination, one can detect beats on cardiac auscultation during inspiration that cannot be palpated at the radial pulse . due to decreased left ventricular output.
• Other signs of tamponade include pulsus paradoxus ( a drop of at least 10 mmHg in arterial blood pressure with inspiration ), and ST segment changes on the electrocardiogram, which may also show low voltage QRS complexes, as well as general signs and symptoms of shock ( such as level of consciousness ).
• This additional loss of volume of the left ventricle that " only " occurs with equalization of the pressures ( as in tamponade ) allows for the further reduction in volume, so cardiac output is reduced, leading to a further decline in BP . However, in situations where the left ventricular pressure remains higher than the pericardial sac ( most frequently from coexisting disease with an elevated left ventricular diastolic pressure ), there is no pulsus paradoxus.